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Clinical Depression
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[00:00.10]From VOA Learning English, [00:03.52]this is the Health Report. [00:05.29]Some colors that people see [00:08.75]late at night could cause signs [00:11.56]of the condition mental health experts call [00:15.18]clinical depression. [00:16.87]That was the finding of a study [00:20.16]that builds on earlier study findings. [00:23.03]They show that individuals [00:26.08]who live or work in low levels of light overnight [00:31.00]can develop clinical depression. [00:33.51]Doctors use the words clinical depression [00:37.67]to describe severe form of depression. [00:41.80]Signs may include loss of interest [00:45.22]or pleasure in most activities, [00:47.51]low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide. [00:53.04]In the new study, [00:55.46]American investigators designed an experiment [00:59.58]that exposed hamsters to different colors. [01:03.06]The researchers chose hamsters [01:06.36]because they are nocturnal, [01:08.42]which means they sleep during the day [01:11.35]and are active at night. [01:13.81]The animals were separated into 4 groups. [01:18.60]One group of hamsters was kept in the dark [01:22.81]during their nighttime period. [01:25.38]Another group was placed in foldable blue light, [01:30.15]a third group slept in foldable white light. [01:34.28]While a fourth was put in foldable red light. [01:38.99]After four weeks, the researchers noted [01:43.76]how much sugary water the hamsters drank. [01:47.08]They found that the more depressed animals [01:51.19]drank the least amount of water. [01:54.00]Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience [01:58.77]at Ohio State University. [02:01.53]He says animals that slept in blue and white light [02:06.36]appeared to be the most depressed. [02:09.62]"What we saw is these animals didn't show [02:12.24]any sleep disruptions at all [02:13.64]but they did have mucked up circadian clock genes [02:17.42]and they did show depressive phenotypes [02:22.05]whereas if they were in the dim red light, they did not." [02:24.71]Randy Nelson notes [02:26.31]that photosensitive cells in the retina, [02:29.53]have little to do with eyesight. [02:32.65]He says these cells send signals [02:36.92]to the area of the brain that controls [02:40.29]what has been called the natural sleep-wake cycle. [02:44.70]He says there's a lot of blue in white light, [02:49.13]this explains why the blue light and white light hamsters [02:54.69]appear to be more depressed [02:58.03]than the hamsters see red light or darkness. [03:02.36]Mr Nelson has suggestions [03:06.31]for people who work late at night, [03:09.03]or those who like to stay up late. [03:12.28]"My recommendation is [03:13.96]if you are just living a typical [03:16.34]mostly active [life] during the day, [03:18.30]mostly inactive at night, [03:19.42]you want to limit exposure to TVs which are quite bluish [03:23.64]in the light they give off [03:24.98]and computer screens and things like that. [03:27.43]You can get filtered glass, [03:29.09]you can get filters on your computer screen [03:30.95]and filters on your eReaders [03:32.16]to put it more in the reddish light." [03:34.86]The report on the effects of light on emotions [03:38.72]was published in The Journal of Neuroscience.
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